A working demonstration: an energy decision surface for a major US hub, anchored to published magnitudes, with the screening logic, the lineage, and the human sign-off visible. Not a wall of charts. One date, the levers that move it, and the reasons behind every exclusion.
This hub buys nearly all of its electricity from the utility, at a spend above $2 million per month[1], roughly 240 to 300 GWh per year[2] with an estimated 35 to 50 MW peak[2]. On-site generation is a single 160 kW floating solar array[3]. A $9 billion capital program pushes load upward through roughly 2031[4], and the airport holds staged percentage reduction targets with no net-zero pledge[5]. Under the modeled assumptions[8], projected peak demand crosses contracted supply capacity on the date shown below. Three levers move that date; one candidate source is screened out, and one sits beyond the planning window. Every verdict shows its reason.
| Candidate source | Verdict | Gates and reasons |
|---|---|---|
| Solar + battery storage | IN | FAA glint and glare study required near runways, historically passable. Utility interconnection queue applies. On-site precedent: the 160 kW floating array[3]. Peak-shave value depends on storage sizing, modeled 0 to 10 MW. |
| Utility feed upgrade | IN | No airspace constraint. Bound by the utility's interconnection and construction timeline, modeled at 36 months[8]. Adds contracted headroom, not resilience. |
| Electric central utility plant | IN | Proven at reference scale: DFW's $234M build, sized for future load growth[6]. Converts thermal distribution and cuts electric peak, modeled at 8%[8]. |
| Wind | OUT | Part 77 obstruction surfaces and Doppler radar interference make on-airport turbines effectively unpermittable. Off-site wind is a power-purchase question, not a siting lever, so it exits this matrix. |
| Small modular reactor | BEYOND WINDOW | NRC licensing and first-power timelines fall outside the 5-year planning window. Carried as a long-horizon option on the 10-year sheet, never as a near-term toggle. |
The graph is why the brief can cite rows instead of vibes: every load, source, and feeder is an entity with lineage, and retrieval carries the relationships with it.
[MEASURED] [1] Monthly electricity spend above $2M (airport sustainability page). [3] 160 kW floating solar array, installed January 2020. [4] $9B capital program with major elements completing about 2031. [5] Staged reduction targets, 20% by 2035, no net-zero pledge. [6] DFW $234M zero-carbon electric central utility plant, groundbreaking August 2023. [7] Comparable hub anchor: 576 electric GSE charge points installed at SEA.
[ESTIMATED] [2] 240 to 300 GWh per year derived from spend at large-commercial rates; 35 to 50 MW peak derived at a 0.6 to 0.7 load factor.
[SYNTHETIC] [8] Contracted capacity, growth rates, program load-add phasing, lever timelines and magnitudes. Stated in the config block of this page and defended as modeling choices, not citations.
Full sourced research: the APA 7 research notes on the 4Shadow repo main branch, 2026-08-05 run.